未使用イメージ/コンテナ/キャッシュ削除 – Docker

docker system prune

上記のコマンドを打ち込むと

$ docker system prune
WARNING! This will remove:
        - all stopped containers
        - all networks not used by at least one container
        - all dangling images
        - all dangling build cache
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y

となり消せます、参考

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-remove-docker-images-containers-and-volumes