docker system prune
上記のコマンドを打ち込むと
$ docker system prune WARNING! This will remove: - all stopped containers - all networks not used by at least one container - all dangling images - all dangling build cache Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
となり消せます、参考
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-remove-docker-images-containers-and-volumes